The AIDS Epidemic Outbreak

Who might have ever believed that an illness, perhaps brought to America by tainted African monkeys, would influence the nation for eternity? This is actually what occurred in the late nineteenth century when the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) was acquainted with America. The capricious scourge made a tremendous shock for quite a long time come. The episode of the HIV infection, AIDS, in the mid 1980†³s brought about clinical examination, open misinterpretations, and at last developing mindfulness. Showing up first just in quite a while, AIDS was a new infection to the whole United States. Reports of obscure and unexplainable manifestations created a lot of turmoil among patients and even specialists. In 1981, the main reports clarified that 41 gay men in the San Fransisco territory had â€Å"†¦ an uncommon and frequently quickly deadly type of cancer† (Altman n. p. ). Following quite a while of exploring these cases and a huge number of others showing up later in the decade, researchers found that it was not malignancy they were managing. They called it HIV (Human Immune Virus) which prompts AIDS (Acquired Immune insufficiency Syndrome) that â€Å"†¦ rogressively demolishes the body†s capacity to battle contaminations and certain cancers† (ARIC n. p. ). With negligible exploration there was nothing to at first â€Å"combat† the infection; at the same time, because of time and subsidizing, there were a few medications that appeared to help stop the spread of the infection in ones body. These enemy of retroviral sedates still don't establish as fixes ! for the infection, however have unquestionably caused and keep on helping patients live more (ARIC n. p. ). Since an antibody to â€Å"†¦ bring out a resistant framework reaction that will forestall contamination or sickness development† still has not been discovered, different medicines have been tried. Accupuncture, stress the executives, entrancing, work out, great nourishment, and a general inspirational disposition all appear to lighten side effects regardless of whether they are not demonstrated fixes of the infection (Packer 78-88). In spite of the fact that AIDS is a perilous malady, there were numerous individuals living with it by guarding solid and remaining. Scott Fried had not attempted any of the aniviral drugs; be that as it may, practices, for example, taking 80 herbs and nutrients daily, remaining genuinely fit, visiting the specialist like clockwork, and being upbeat have kept him bursting at the seams with the infection for a long time (Fried speach). Most casualties have not lived as long as he which is the reason AIDS has lead to some broad exploration. Examiners bolstered by private and open supports kept on looking for a fix or even a clarification of HIV/AIDS for two decades since like the â€Å"b! need plague†, AIDS has killed off a large number of individuals in a brief timeframe. Likewise like the dark plague did, AIDS conveyed with it a long series of misinterpretations. In the Middle Ages anybody conveying the â€Å"black plague† was to be dodged. Likewise, general society would frequently maintain a strategic distance from individuals with AIDS. There were manufactures that AIDS could be gotten by another person from sniffling, hacking, embracing, kissing or even any â€Å"casual contact† ; in this way, individuals avoided the individuals who were contaminated by AIDS. Another untruth was that AIDS was brought about by something otherworldly or enchanted (Taylor 23-24). In spite of the fact that some were excessively cautious about â€Å"catching† the infection, others were not cautious enough. Since the underlying flare-up was among gay men it was basically accepted that solitary gay men could be influenced. At that point reports of IV tranquilize clients having the sickness despite everything appeared to dispense with the opportunity of the basic individual being contaminated. Next, hemophiliacs and individuals who had blood transfusions were accounted for followed by blacks, Hispanics, lesbians, straight ladies lastly white, hetero, guys. Still everybody said â€Å"It can†t happen to me,† until it did (Fried discourse). This presumption that AIDS just influenced hardly any measures of individuals and just minorities was the premise of all misinterpretations about that infection. Individuals didn't accept the infection could have any effect on their lives; however, it impacted everyones lives legitimately and additionally by implication. Presently that â€Å"AIDS is the subsequent driving reason for death in the United States among individuals matured 25 to 44†³ (ARIC n. p. ), the misguided judgments have been demonstrated to be bogus. In spite of the fact that it was measurably right that 66% of individuals contaminated by AIDS were gay guys, 24% were IV tranquilize clients, and just 4% were hetero guys or females (Packer 17) it was as yet a reality that AIDS can influence anybody. Following quite a while of exploration and factual reports there were at long last individuals transferring these messages to people in general. Persuasive orator, similar to Scott Fried, keep on contacting adolescents and grown-ups about AIDS and sex. Data about these subjects can likewise be found effectively, at medical clinics or doctors† workplaces; yet in books, magazines, handouts, and even on the web. Directing a straightforward hunt on http://www. hurray. com thought of 164 â€Å"category matches,† 1,206 â€Å"web website matches,† and 237,000 site page matches. This implies HIV/AIDS shows up in any event multiple times on th! e internet and it shows that AIDS in a significant part of current life. In addition to the fact that people are getting mindful of the AIDS plague, however they are getting mindful of sexuality through finding out about AIDS. Before the episode of this lethal infection sex was just spoken about discretely. Presently even children are being made mindful of the perils of sex and spreading HIV. Along these lines HIV/AIDS had a positive effect on the nation. Individuals know about the realities and likely settle on better choices. A few specialists have said that AIDS will remain the manner in which it is presently and others anticipate it developing into a â€Å"huge epidemic† (Taylor 28). Ideally because of this development of information and acknowledgment, he AIDS infection won't spread as fast and contaminate the same number of individuals as it has before. HIV positive, gay, male, Scott Fried, stated, â€Å"Ironically one of the endowments that HIV/AIDS has brought me is the wealth of adoration. . . † and maybe that is valid. Relating to the eighties and the beginning stage of the infection, AIDS caused considerably more uproar than adoration. Nonetheless, every cloud has a silver coating and the craziness has at long last cleared up certain fantasies. It has opened up the general population to HIV/AIDS mindfulness, yet sexual perception too.

Man And The Echo Yeats Essay free essay sample

Yeats expresses the position he is in as being at the base of a pit, where the expansive moon never lit. This can be deciphered as Yeats thought of death, some place which is by all accounts encased and caught, where daylight can't reach. Yeats at that point portrays the pattern of yelling a mystery to a stone, a stone is related with something fixed and suffering, and is accordingly incapable to react, Yeats is contrasting the stone with the individuals of Ireland, whom are not tuning in to him. Yeats likewise presents demise as a moderate, however unavoidable procedure, as he expresses that he lies wakeful after a long time after night. Yeats is tolerating that the procedure is happening, anyway the tone uncovers that Yeats is upset about the certainty of what is to come. This sonnet, written in 1938, was at the last phase of Yeats life, and along these lines was near his genuine demise. We will compose a custom paper test on Man And The Echo Yeats Essay or on the other hand any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The sonnet is fundamentally the same as Broken Dreams wherein Yeats talks about the rotting magnificence of Maude, his dream. Yeats states there is ere in your hair, expressing the undeniable impact that maturing has had on her. He likewise expresses your magnificence can however leave among us, by utilizing the word us, Yeats is giving the peruser the impact that demise has on others, not simply the victim.This is utilized similarly that the moderate maturing of Yeats, has implied that nobody can hear him, or value his work any longer. Yeats investigates the progression of time, through being somewhat incredulous, as he addresses his life and his impact on others. Yeats expresses all he has said and done has transformed into an inquiry. The procedure of progress has made Yeats totally question his duty and what he has accomplished, and how this has influenced others. A considerable lot of the inquiries that Yeats pose to connection to Ireland at that point. His scrutinizing if that play of his, conveyed certain men the English shot? , this is an immediate reference toward the Easter Rising, which Yeats likewise investigated in Easter 1 916, in which he had a fairly negative perspective on the uprising. Yeats likewise questions the Marmot Rudders undertaking, as he inquires as to whether expressions of his put too extraordinary strain on that womans mind. Yeats had recently taken part in an extramarital entanglements with Marmot, following which she become intellectually temperamental. Yeats at that point addresses whether he made her disease happen. The inquiries end as Yeats expresses that he will never find the solution right, in which the reverberation answers rests and die.Yeats idea of life has been switched, the progression of time has made him question everything. The utilization Of an incredible setting additionally permits the peruser to comprehend that Yeats was mulling over whether the impact he had on individuals was totally terrible. This additionally connections to the reverberations employ of rests and pass on, the reverberation is in effect rather skeptical and utilizing this as a goal. This proposes Yeats has no power over what the reverberation says, and this could reflect how Yeats feels, what he can't control how his work or endeavors have been gotten by others.Yeats likewise investigates his conceivable interminability through his work, or his motivation on the planet. Yeats will not acknowledge the reverberations request, to just rests and kick the bucket, potentially on the grounds that he accepts that reg ardless of what one does, there is no discharge. He implies that to take the reverberations orders, is surrender. The break in the sonnet when the reverberations remark, would propose that it is broken, anyway it despite everything includes a feeling of congruity because of the end rhymes of evade and Fork.Therefore, Yeats doesn't break, as he accepts that if he somehow managed to surrender, at that point that is avoid the otherworldly minds extraordinary work, which would then avoid it futile. Yeats is stating that he trusts one has an obligation to not surrender. The utilization of incredible work, might be alluding to his composition, and his conviction that he expected to introduce his convictions to people in general, as it was his obligation as an essayist. Yeats portrays how others decide to seek after their lives during the time stanza.He depicts the enticements of life as being wine or love, and Yeats is by all accounts ridiculing the individuals who are sedated to rest by these things, yet how they keep on expressing grat itude toward the Lord that they have their body and its ineptitude. Maybe, Yeats his proposing that he has driven his own life in a far superior manner, and he has utilized his obligation in the public arena to help other people, potentially recommending that he doesnt need to kick the bucket. Mortality is to some degree obliterated towards the end, as Yeats starts to issues the condition of death, and his last decision of the change and time that has occurred.Yeats closes his continuous flow, trusting one sinks finally into the night. The utilization of sinking appears to propose a quiet passing, which is upheld by finally, something that Yeats had been anticipating. This is upheld, by the moderate and controlled pace made by the meter of the sonnet. The scrutinizing is proceeded as he asks what the others know, aside from that they face each other in this spot, this spot conceivably alluding to paradise. Yeats is arriving at a mind-blowing finish, ND is presently looking forward and is starting to attempt to discover what really occurs.

Heredity and Hormones Effect on Behavior Essay -- essays research pape

Human conduct has been a riddle to researchers and analysts for quite a long time. What makes people act the manner in which they do? Is it learned by understanding, or acquired from earlier ages? The human cerebrum is a mind boggling machine driven by various intangibles that impact our reasoning procedure legitimately and in a roundabout way. The endocrine framework in the human body stores a concoction known as hormones. Hormones are discharged by endocrine organs into the circulatory system and travel all through the body conveying messages. A hormonal drive is like a nerve motivation just much more slow. The messages conveyed by the hormones trigger various practices. Hormones can influence conduct from multiple points of view, for example, Mental action or tiredness, fatigue or energy, sexual conduct, the capacity to look after center, strength, the power of pressure, and the esteem of companionship. Hormones can likewise be a main factor in whether an individual is feeling acceptable or a terrible state of mind (Morris and Maisto, 2005). Endocrine organs situated in various pieces of the body all discharge novel hormones, a portion of these hormones can influence conduct in various manners. The thyroid organ, situated underneath the voice box discharges the hormone known as thyroxin. Thyroxin is the hormone liable for controlling the degree of digestion in a human body. In this way, thyroxin can be identified with the measure of vitality one has, their dozing propensities, capacity to center and concentrate, and even their individual disposition. The pituitary organ, situated on the base side of the cerebrum, creates an assortment of hormones, some of which influence human conduct. These hormones can have an effect on sexual lead and want (Morris and Maisto, 2005). The gonads in the human body vary contingent upon the sex of the human. T... ...utionary clinicians accept that conduct isn't impacted by conditions or circumstances however by regular senses that have been acquired through a procedure known as common determination. Regular choice proposes that solitary the individuals who forces endurance characteristics and adjust well to their environmental factors endure and give these attributes to posterity (Morris and Maisto, 2005). Human conduct stays an extraordinary riddle to analysts and there is actually no proof that pinpoints the specific reason for our conduct. A few things are sure, qualities and hormones straightforwardly influence conduct, yet the degree of this impact is as yet easily proven wrong. There are numerous intangibles that are figured in while considering human conduct yet no single factor shows proof of how our brains decide. Human conduct is straightforwardly affected by choices, and choices are clearly not a careful science.

CARL ROGER’S19 propositions Essay

CARL ROGER’S 19 PROPOSITIONS Recommendation 1: HUMAN EXPERIENCE AT ACONCIOUS AND UNCONCIOUS LEVEL Every individual exists in a ceaselessly changing universe of experience of which he is the middle. Recommendation 2: HUMAN PERCEPTION The living being responds to the field as it is experienced and seen. This perceptual; field is, for the individual, reality. Recommendation 3: WHOLENESS The living being responds all in all to this wonderful field. Recommendation 4: SELF-DETREMENATION The living being has one essential inclination and endeavoring †to complete, keep up, and improve the encountering living being. Recommendation 5: NEEDS AND Behavior Conduct is fundamentally the objective guided endeavor of the living being to fulfill its needs as experience, in the field as apparent. Recommendation 6: EMOTIONS Feeling goes with and by and large encourages such objective coordinated conduct, the sort of feeling being identified with the socking versus the consummatory parts of the conduct, and the force of the feeling being identified with the apparent noteworthiness of the conduct for the support and upgrade of the life form. Recommendation 7: FRAME OF REFERENCE The best vantage point for understanding conduct is from the inward casing of reference for the individual himself. Recommendation 8: THE SELF A segment of the all out perceptual field bit by bit gets separated as oneself. Recommendation 9: THE SELF AND SIGNIFICANT OTHERS Because of cooperation with nature, and especially because of evaluational connection with others, the structure of self is shaped †a composed, liquid, yet steady calculated example of view of attributes and connections of the â€Å"I† or the â€Å"me† along with values joined to these ideas. Suggestion 10: VALUES:OWN AND ADOPTED FROM OTHERS The qualities append themselves to encounters, and the qualities which are a piece of oneself structure, in certain occurrences are values experienced straightforwardly by the living being, and in certain occasions are values introjected or taken over from others, yet saw in mutilated style, as though they had been experienced legitimately. Recommendation 11: DEALING WITH EXPERIENCES AT CONCIOUS AND UNCONCIOUS LEVEL As encounters happen in the life of the individual, they are either (a) represented, saw, and composed into some relationship to oneself, (b) disregarded on the grounds that there is no apparent relationship to the self †structure, ( c ) denied symbolisation or given a mutilated symbolization on the grounds that the experience is conflicting with the structure of oneself. Recommendation 12: SELF AND Behavior The vast majority of the methods of carrying on which are received by the creature are those which are conflicting with the idea of self. Recommendation 13: Behavior AND UNCONCIOUS EXPERIENCES Conduct may, in certain examples, be realized by natural encounters and needs which have not been represented. Such conduct might be conflicting with the structure of oneself, however in such occurrences the conduct isn't â€Å"owned† by the person. Suggestion 14: PSYCHOLOGICAL TENSION Mental maladjustment exists when the life form denies to mindfulness noteworthy tactile and instinctive encounters, which thus are definitely not represented and composed into the gestalt of oneself structure. At the point when this circumstance exists, there is an essential or potential mental pressure. Suggestion 15: RECONSTRUCTION OF SELF Mental modification exists when the idea of oneself is to such an extent that all the tangible and instinctive encounters of the life form are, or might be, absorbed on a representative level into a steady relationship with the idea of self. Suggestion 16: Defense OF SELF Any experience which is conflicting with the association or structure of self might be seen as a danger and the a greater amount of these discernments there are, the more inflexibly oneself structure is composed to look after itself. Suggestion 17: CONDITIONS FOR CHANGE Under specific conditions, including basically complete nonappearance of any danger to oneself structure, encounters which are conflicting with it might be seen, and analyzed, and the structure of self amended to acclimatize and incorporate such encounters. Suggestion 18: ACCEPTANCE OF SELF When the individual sees and acknowledges into one reliable and incorporated framework all his tangible and instinctive encounters, at that point he is essentially additionally comprehension of others and is all the more tolerating of others as independent people. Recommendation 19: DEVELOPING YOUR OWN VALUING PROCESS As the individual sees and acknowledges into his self-structure a greater amount of his natural encounters, he finds that he is supplanting his current worth framework †put together so generally with respect to introjections which have been distortedly represented †with a proceeding with organismic esteeming process.

Essay --

â€Å"People can advise you to keep your mouth shut, however that doesn't prevent you from having your own opinion.† (Frank, 1993). In the mid 1900s, individuals were intense about their specialty. Composed workmanship, painted craftsmanship, and etched craftsmanship were all at focus for pundits. Be that as it may, where might they world be if individuals never offered their actual thoughts? Wallace Stevens (1879-1955) set off for college at Harvard University. He went through piece of his time on earth working for an insurance agency and even became VP of that organization. When he began composing verse, he was around forty-three. In any case, at that point obviously he had practical experience in symbolism. Archibald MacLeish (1892-1982) was conceived in Illinois. Like Wallace Stevens, he didn't begin as an artist. He started as an attorney, yet immediately dropped that. Through his life Archibald MacLeish had a blend of current and conventional sonnets. Marianne Moore bega n as a columnist however immediately made her imprint with composing. She was a pioneer, however she had her own exceptional route with innovation. The three writers Wallace Stevens, Archibald MacLeish, and Marianne Moore had numerous distinctions and likenesses. Wallace Stevens, creator of Modern Poetry, utilized symbolism and exact language considerably more than different artists. Stevens was keen on nature, a lot of his motivation originated from common articles. Therefore, he turned out to be philosophical and he got a kick out of the chance to communicate this in his verse. He wanted to utilize his creative mind in his verse, which is the reason he utilizes so much symbolism. â€Å"The entertainer is a metaphysician in obscurity, twanging and instrument, twanging a wiry string that gives sounds going through abrupt righteousness.† (Wallace Stevens, Of Modern Poetry). In this passage, you can obviously envision what is hap... ...nceived designs, syllabic examples, and rhymes, which are undeniably individualized.† (Price, 2011). Not at all like the artists like Stevens and MacLeish, Moore was substantially more into clever and exact verse. In contrast to MacLeish, she enjoyed the incidental rhyme and mood. â€Å"If you despise contrast, you'll be exhausted to death.† (Beta, 2010). Every one of the three writers, Wallace Stevens, Archibald MacLeish, and Marianne Moore are more unique in relation to comparative. Be that as it may, as Toba Beta says, it is considerably more fascinating to be not the same as no different. It is fascinating that every one of the three of these writers were alive during a similar time, however thought of such various masterpieces and each were viewed as effective. To a great extent, you can discover similitudes inside their composition, however these creators are for the most part totally different which is the reason their sonnets all have an alternate assessment of what right.

Cymbalta Uses, Side Effects, Dosages, Precautions

Cymbalta Uses, Side Effects, Dosages, Precautions Depression Treatment Medication Print What to Know About Cymbalta (Duloxetine) An SNRI to Treat Depression and Anxiety By Nancy Schimelpfening Nancy Schimelpfening, MS is the administrator for the non-profit depression support group Depression Sanctuary. Nancy has a lifetime of experience with depression, experiencing firsthand how devastating this illness can be. Learn about our editorial policy Nancy Schimelpfening Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on December 07, 2015 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on February 04, 2020 Depression Overview Types Symptoms Causes & Risk Factors Diagnosis Treatment Coping ADA & Your Rights Depression in Kids David Burton / GettyImages Cymbalta (duloxetine hydrochloride) is a  serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) antidepressant. It is taken by mouth as a pill or capsule. Cymbalta may help improve a number of symptoms of depression including mood, appetite, sleep, and energy levels.   As an SNRI, duloxetine inhibits the reuptake of the neurotransmitters serotonin and norepinephrine in the central nervous system and as a result, increasing the amounts available in the brain. These brain chemicals work to help regulate mood, so increasing their levels can help relieve symptoms of depression. Uses Cymbalta is used for the treatment of major depressive disorder. The effectiveness of Cymbalta for longer-term use, or more than nine weeks, has not been systematically evaluated in clinical trials. It is also used for the management of diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain, fibromyalgia, chronic muscle and bone pain, and generalized anxiety disorder. Off-Label Uses Cymbalta may sometimes be prescribed off-label in the treatment of stress urinary incontinence, chronic fatigue syndrome, and lower back pain.   Before Taking Cymbalta can be effective in the treatment of moderate-to-severe depression. Before you decide if duloxetine is right for you, your doctor will evaluate your symptoms and health history. Your doctor will want to determine if you have any other health conditions that may preclude the use of this medication or if you are taking any other medications or supplements that may influence the drugs actions. Before you begin taking Cymbalta, you should be aware that it may cause sudden decreases in blood pressure, which can result in dizziness and falling. You should use caution when standing. Cymbalta may also cause you to feel drowsy, so you should avoid operating a vehicle or other heavy equipment until you are aware of how the drug may affect you. Because duloxetine may increase suicidal thinking or behaviors in some individuals, you should talk to your doctor about monitoring your symptoms, particularly after you first begin taking the drug or any time your prescribed dose is adjusted. Precautions and Contraindications There have been some reports of liver failure in patients using Cymbalta. It has also been associated with an increase in blood pressure, so blood pressure should be monitored throughout treatment. Cymbalta should be used with caution in people with a history of mania or seizures. It should not be used in those with uncontrolled narrow-angle glaucoma. It should be discontinued gradually to avoid discontinuation symptoms. Experience with Cymbalta in patients with other illnesses is limited. Caution should be used when taking Cymbalta with other serotonergic medications such as other antidepressants. When taken with other drugs that affect serotonin, there is a risk of a serious complication known as serotonin syndrome. Symptoms of serotonin syndrome include increased blood pressure, elevated heart rate, sweating, loss of coordination, agitation, and confusion. If you experience any of these symptoms while taking Cymbalta, you should contact your doctor immediately.   Overview of Serotonin Syndrome Cymbalta should not be used by anyone who has shown a sensitivity to duloxetine or any of Cymbaltas inactive ingredients. It should also not be used at the same time as a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) antidepressant. In clinical trials, Cymbalta was associated with increased mydriasis (dilation of the pupil of the eye) in people with uncontrolled narrow-angle glaucoma and should not be used by people with this condition. Other SNRIs Other SNRIs that are currently approved for the treatment of depression include: Strattera (atomoxetine)Pristiq; Khedezla (desvenlafaxine)Irenka (duloxetine)Fetzima (milnacipran)Ultram (tramadol)Effexor XR (venlafaxine) Dosage Cymbalta should be administered at a total daily dose of 40â€"60 milligrams (mg). Generally, it will be split into two doses taken at different times of the day. It is not necessary to take it with food. There is no evidence that doses greater than 60 mg per day confer any additional benefits. The listed dosages are according to the drug manufacturer. Check your prescription and talk to your doctor to make sure you are taking the right dose for you. How to Take The delayed-release capsules should be swallowed whole and never crushed or chewed.  If you miss a dose of duloxetine, you should take it as soon as you remember, unless it is close to the time for your next dose, in which case, simply skip the missed dose and take your regular dose on schedule.   Never take two doses at once to make up for a missed dose, as it may result in an accidental overdose. Symptoms of a Cymbalta overdose include sleepiness, seizures, vomiting, rapid heart rate, confusion, and coma. You should contact emergency services immediately if you believe that you or someone else has overdosed on Cymbalta. Side Effects Common Some of the most common side effect associated with duloxetine are: NauseaDry mouthHeadacheDizzinessSleepiness The most common adverse events, reported by greater than 5%, were nausea, dry mouth, constipation, decreased appetite, fatigue, sleepiness, and increased sweating. Adverse events occurring in at least 2% of patients included diarrhea, vomiting, weight loss, dizziness, tremor, hot flushes, blurred vision, insomnia, anxiety, and sexual side-effects. Severe More serious side effects can include: Bruising or bleedingSwellingAbdominal painJaundiceChest painTrouble breathingDark urinePanic attackWorsening depression If you experience any serious side effects, you should contact your doctor immediately as they may be a sign of a potentially dangerous complication. Warnings and Interactions All antidepressants, including Cymbalta, are required to carry a black box warning that antidepressants may increase the risk of suicide in people under the age of 25. People taking Cymbalta should be observed closely for worsening depression and suicidality, especially at the beginning of treatment or when changes are made to their prescribed dose. Patients should also be monitored for symptoms such as anxiety, agitation, restlessness, panic attacks, insomnia, irritability, hostility, impulsivity, hypomania, and mania. If such symptoms are severe, occur suddenly, or were not symptoms that were present before treatment began, consideration should be given to changing to a different medication. Drug Interactions Duloxetine can interact with a number of other medications and supplements. These substances may impact the way that your antidepressant works or your antidepressant may influence the effects of those substances. In order to minimize the risk of potentially dangerous interactions, you should always tell your doctor about any other prescription medications, over-the-counter drugs, vitamins, herbs, or other supplements that you might be taking.   Drugs that are known to interact with duloxetine include: MAOIs and other antidepressantsWarfarin and other blood thinnersPain relievers such as aspirin and ibuprofenBlood pressure medicationsDiureticsHeartburn medicationsSt. Johns wortSome antibiotics Visit the FDAs website or speak with your doctor or pharmacist for more information on potential drug interactions. Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility In female mice receiving an equivalent of 11 times the maximum recommended human dose (MRHD), there was an increase in hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas. The no-effect dose was 4 times the MRHD. Tumor incidence was not increased in male mice at doses up to 8 times the MRHD. It was not mutagenic in studies performed nor did it affect fertility. Pregnancy and Lactation Cymbalta is a Class C drug. There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women, so duloxetine should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. Drug Use and Dependence Duloxetine is not a controlled substance. In animal studies, it did not demonstrate barbiturate-like misuse potential. In drug dependence studies, it did not demonstrate dependence-producing potential in rats. While Cymbalta has not been systematically studied in humans for its potential for misuse, there were no indications of drug-seeking behavior in the clinical trials. Never stop taking your antidepressant without first consulting your doctor. Your doctor can advise you about how to reduce or stop your medication, which may involve gradually reducing your dosage. Everything You Need to Know About Antidepressant Withdrawal

Importance of Surveillance Cameras Research Paper - 825 Words

Importance of Surveillance Cameras (Research Paper Sample) Content: Surname:Name:Course:Institution:Date:Importance of Surveillance CamerasSurveillance cameras are in use now, more than ever before. This has largely been fueled by advancements in technology in the past decade. Surveillance cameras such as the closed-circuit television, popularly known as CCTV cameras, capture still and motion pictures that are relayed to computer screens for live monitoring or stored in computer hard drives. Some of these cameras are internet ready hence one can access footage from such cameras remotely. Surveillance cameras are essential for not only reducing crime but also for ensuring companies keep watch over the activities of their employees, schools to watch over the security of children, authorities to enforce traffic rules and help protect the public from police abuse. Whatever the reason for using surveillance cameras, they have certainly made life easier for both the general public and the authorities alike.Firstly, surveillance cameras act as a deterrent to criminals. Businesses and homes that have surveillance cameras installed are more secure because criminals know that they might be apprehended and prosecuted by the authorities if the break into them. Were it not for such surveillance, criminals would freely victimize communities while crimes would go unsolved since there would be no evidence to prosecute perpetrators. Additionally, surveillance cameras are useful in monitoring vital government buildings and installations such as airports and power plants to prevent them from being targeted by terrorist.Moreover, most companies and corporations use surveillance cameras to monitor the activity of their employees while at work. This ensures that employs adhere to the rules and regulations in force at the organization. Furthermore, surveillance cameras ensure the security of the employees since in some companies workers leave the workplace late at night. Overall, surveillance help maintain the security of the entire workplace.Surveillance cameras are essential in monitoring students while they are in school. These cameras help the school maintain discipline among students since they will be well behaved when they know they are constantly being monitored. Also, it helps in curbing cases of bullying and theft. More importantly, surveillance cameras help protect the students form indiscriminate shootings which have become common in the US by assisting the law enforcers preempting such attacks.Traffic authorities are able to enforce traffic rules through the use of surveillance cameras. Violators of traffic rules are issued with tickets by mail when the surveillance cameras installed on highways capture the number plate of their vehicles. This has greatly increased safety in most roads that use such technology to deter people from violating traffic rules. In addition, the surveillance cameras on highways will keep offenders honest since the cameras will provide unquestionable evidence in road accid ents CITATION Ben08 \l 1033 (Bennett and Lyon).Video surveillance cameras help protect the public from police abuse. In public spaces, cameras play a vital role in providing general security and also protect the public from police misbehavior. In addition, the use of surveillance cameras has helped people live in a more transparent society with ease and convenience.In helping prevent crime and violence in homes and businesses, surveillance cameras have enabled families and investors live a more productive life with a sense of security. Parents do not have to worry about the safety of their childrenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s safety while they at work. Also, investors will willingly be ready to expand there their businesses and take bigger risks since they are assu...

Panthera Tigris Sondaica Javan Tiger Breed Profile

Name: Javan Tiger; Panthera Tigris Sondaica Habitat: Island of Java Historical Epoch: Modern Size and Weight: Up to 8 feet long and 300 pounds Diet: Meat Distinguishing Characteristics: Moderate size; long, narrow snout About the Javan Tiger The Javan Tiger is a case study in what happens when a natural predator rubs up against a rapidly expanding human population. The island of Java, in Indonesia, has undergone an enormous population surge over the last century; today its home to well over 120 million Indonesians, compared to about 30 million at the start of the 20th century. As humans occupied more and more of the Javan Tigers territory and cleared more and more land to grow food, this medium-sized tiger was relegated to the fringes of Java, the last known individuals inhabiting Mount Betin, the tallest and most remote part of the island. Like its close Indonesian relative, the Bali Tiger, as well as the Caspian Tiger of central Asia, the last known Javan Tiger was glimpsed a few decades ago; there have been numerous unconfirmed sightings since, but the species is widely considered to be extinct. (See also a slideshow of 10 Recently Extinct Lions and Tigers.)

Learning Disablilites and Delinquency from our Juveniles

Our society has an expectation of a child’s progression through life. That is, they listen to their parents, go to school, study hard, go to college or a trade school, and work hard until retirement. What happens with the children that are struggling in school? Well, some of them go to prison. In our nation, public school is the primary source of education; society has taken on the responsibility of educating the youth of this nation. Therefore, we only have ourselves to blame when an undereducated or uneducated youth is arrested and is incarcerated. I argue that our failure to properly address the special needs of our diverse learning disabled children leads to poor school performance, and in a high number of cases juvenile delinquency. Unfortunately, the learning disability rate among delinquent youth is between 30% and 50%, this is in contrast to the number of special education students represented in public school, which is 10% nationally. The stark difference in the perce ntage of delinquency and learning disabled when compared to the national average of learning disabled has had significant attention from lawmakers, criminologist, educators, and the public. This is not a recent problem. The beginning of special education, happened in the 1800s, as immigrants flooded this county. With them came cultural norms, which were perceived as amoral in the United States. Since most immigrants populated â€Å"urban slums,† school districts created â€Å"manual training classes† to teach

Banquos Purpose in Shakespeares Macbeth Essay - 521 Words

Banquos purpose in the play is the quintessential foil of Macbeth, both in acting, as well as in meaning. Shakespeare utilizes Banquo in order to create opposite moods to what is the drive of the play, which is Macbeth and his wife plotting, scheming, and murdering, by offering great solid blocks of integrity, passion, and goodness, that slightly descend into questioning. In contrast to Macbeths ambitious state, his transformation into an immoral form of such a state, and his acting on such, Shakespeare creates Banquo in order to give the reader a feeling for contrasting points in order to augment, and practically create, the play. When confronted by the Weà ¯rd Sisters for the first time, both Macbeth and Banquo are given†¦show more content†¦(II.i), going against Macbeth?s wishes of Banquo becoming a puppet to the Sisters? prophecy, therefore proving his morality and clear-headedness over Macbeth?s brash, immoral plans. Banquos declaration of allegiance also allows for proof towards his unchanging ideals, whereas immorality and blind ambition poison Macbeth?s thoughts. Macbeth describes his fear of Banquo shrewdly in that they ?stick deep, and his royalty of nature reigns that which would be feared. ?Tis much he dares he hath a wisdom that doth guide his valor to act in safety? (III.i). Macbeth concludes his friend has remained his pure self and therefore is his moral antithesis. Banquo continues to hold a much clearer grip on life and real quality as a man in comparison to Macbeth, hence, Macbeth is forced to kill him if he is to follow through with his plan and go down a dark road. Macbeths solution of killing his current problem finalizes his actions of immorality as well as his foil found in Banquo. Even after his death, Banquo is able to keep his integrity and use it to punish, or even remind, Macbeth of his moral supremacy. Banquo returns, as a ?horrible shadow,? to haunt Macbeth at a feast and successfully does so to the point of unreal mockry (III.iv), certainly driving Macbeth?s darkness into a phase of decay, leading to further irrationality. This continued irrationality is the cause of yet another stockpile of dead bodies, revealing Macbeth?s inability to cope in his darkShow MoreRelatedEssay on Shakespeare Alterations from the Original Macbeth851 Words   |  4 PagesShakespeare immortalized Macbeth and his life story in his famous play which goes by the very same name: Macbeth. Shakespeare used Holinsheds Chronicles by Raphael Holinshed as his primary source, the basis for the plot of the play. Shakespeare made a considerable number of alterat ions in the story line and form. In this essay, I will explore what changes Shakespeare made and for what reason. In Macbeth, a thane Macbeth hears a prophecy by three witches: he will be king. Macbeth decides to take helpRead MoreThe Witches Evil Influence in Shakespeares Macbeth Essay1537 Words   |  7 Pagestarget of the witches. He published his own book on witches called ‘Demonology’ in which he listed their powers such as the ability to curse, and therefore made a law that practising witches should be executed. It is clear, therefore, that Shakespeare’s witches are rooted firmly in English popular tradition. Act 1 scene 1 opens with the entrance of the witches; accompanied by thunder and lightning. The setting is an open place. It is clear that the witches control the elements and must thereforeRead More Comparing the Supernatural in William Shakespeares Hamlet and Macbeth 921 Words   |  4 PagesComparing the Supernatural in William Shakespeares Hamlet and Macbeth  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚   In the time of William Shakespeare there was a strong belief in the existence of the supernatural. Therefore, the supernatural is a recurring theme in many of Shakespeares plays. In two such plays, Hamlet and Macbeth, the supernatural is an integral part of the structure of the plot. It provides a catalyst for action, an insight into character, and an augmentation of the impact of many key scenes. TheRead More bloodmac Shakespeares Macbeth - Images and Imagery of Blood and Sleep922 Words   |  4 PagesBlood and Sleep Imagery in Macbeth  Ã‚   Macbeth screams imagery!   Shakespeare uses imagery of blood and sleep   to create an atmosphere of horror, during the killing of Duncan, which contributes to our sense of Macbeths growing insanity.   Eventually Lady Macbeths final scene is enhanced with the use of blood imagery which reflects her guilt.   Shakespeares use of imagery connects the feeling of horror from audience to play.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Macbeth held such potential for himself. He wasRead MoreThe Danger of Knowledge (Comparative essay Frankenstein vs Macbeth1089 Words   |  5 PagesThe Danger of Knowledge Aaron Rudyk 6/18/2013 Mr. Brown ENG 3U In Shakespeare’s play Macbeth and Mary Shelly’s novel Frankenstein it can be said that both protagonists come to an unfortunate end. What leads to Macbeth and Frankenstein’s premature demise? Victor Frankenstein and Macbeth both demonstrate that acquisition of knowledge is dangerous and to seek it for the purpose of power leads to destruction of life. Macbeth’s and Frankenstein’s knowledge leads to overwhelmingRead MoreBlood in Macbeth1411 Words   |  6 PagesBlood in Macbeth William Shakespeare wove many motifs like blood into his play Macbeth, written in 1606. These motifs serve to reveal many different aspects of the plot, characters, and themes. The Blood motif is often used throughout the play to symbolize guilt, or the lack of it. The two main characters, Macbeth and Lady Macbeth are driven by ambition to commit evil actions including murder. Lady Macbeth plots to have her husband murder king Duncan of Scotland, so that Macbeth can take the throneRead MoreEssay about The Role of the Supernatural in Motivating Characters1284 Words   |  6 PagesIn William Shakespeare’s Macbeth, the supernatural and the role they play in motivating characters is apparent throughout the duration of the play. The supernatural is what causes conflict in the play and the prophecies from the witches in act one scene three is the inciting action in the piece. The supernatural causes the future conflict by motivating Macbeth to kill Duncan so he could become king o f Scotland. Through temptation, the supernatural motivates characters to think arrogantly and forRead MoreMacbeth, By William Shakespeare1682 Words   |  7 PagesWhen we are first introduced to Macbeth in William Shakespeare’s play Macbeth he is illustrated as a loyal warrior hero to Scotland. Macbeth’s recognition on the battlefield helps gain him great honor from King Duncan who later announces him as Thane of Cawdor. However, throughout the play the audience is able to discover his human flaws. Ironically, his first characteristic of being a mighty powerful man actually changes to be a weak man who gets stepped all over on. Through his soliloquies forRead MoreEssay on Definitions of a Tragedy: Shakespeares and Aristotles1182 Words   |  5 PagesIn writing a tragedy, there are certain standards and guidelines to which an author or playwright must follow. One such standard is the Aristotelian definition of tragedy and the tragic hero. 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Accounting Midterm Free Essays

The monetary unit assumption states that transactions that can be measured in arms of money should be recorded in the accounting records. 5. The drawings account Is a subdivision of the owner’s capital account and appears as an expense on the unicorn statement. We will write a custom essay sample on Accounting Midterm or any similar topic only for you Order Now 6. Revenues are a subdivision of owner’s capital. 7. The trial balance has no limitations or weaknesses. 8. In an automated system, the entering of data and transferring of information is 9. Adjusting entries are often made because some business events are not recorded as they occur. 10. Adjusting entries are recorded in the general Journal but are not posted to the accounts in the general ledger. 1 1 . Adjusting entries are not necessary if the trial balance debit and credit columns balances are equal. 12. An adjusting entry always involves two balance sheet accounts. 13. The accounting cycle begins at the start of a new accounting period. 14. A work sheet is a mandatory form that must be prepared along with an income statement and balance sheet. 15. Both correcting entries and adjusting entries always affect at least one balance sheet account and one income statement account. Multiple Choice: Select the most correct answer. (1 5 marks) 1. As a result of corporate reporting scandals, proposals to improve business raciest have come from all of the following except a. Regulators. B. The investment community. C. The Canada Revenue Agency. D. The accounting profession. 2. Ethics are the standards of conduct by which one’s actions are Judged as b. Honest or dishonest. . Fair or unfair. D. All of these. 3. All of the following are steps used to analyze ethical dilemmas except a. Using the organization’s code of ethics to identify ethical situations. . Using personal ethics to identify ethical situations. C. Identifying potential stakeholders. D. Discussing the ethical dilemma with co-workers. 4. Generally accepted accounting principles are a. Income tax regulations. B. Standards that indicate how to report economic events. C. Theories that are based on physical laws of the universe. D. Principles that have been proven correct by academic researcher s. 5. The investment of cash by the owners off business requires a debit to and a credit to a. Owner’s capital; cash b. Drawings; owner’s capital c. Ash; drawings d. Cash; owner’s capital 6. The withdrawal of cash for personal use by the owners off business requires a to the drawings account and a a. Debit; debit b. Debit; credit c. Credit; credit . Credit; debit to the cash account. 7. An accountant has debited an asset account for $1,000 and credited a liability account for $500. What can be done to complete the recording of the transaction? a. Nothing further must be done. B. Debit an owner’s equity account for $500. C. Debit another asset account for $500. D. Credit a different asset account for $500. 8. Purchase equipment with a note payable. Pay utilities with cash. . Owner withdraws money from the business for personal use. Example: (a) and (d) are a match because both of them include one increase in assets and one decrease in assets, so there is no effect on the accounting equation. Question 1: Solution (b) and O) are a match because both of them include one increase to equity and one decrease to equity. (c) and (h) are a match because one decreases liabilities and the other increases liabilities. (e) and (f) are a match because one decreases liabilities and the other increases liabilities. (g) and (I) are a match because one increases assets, and the other decreases assets, showing that utilities were paid in cash with customer cash payments for services rendered. Question 2: 12 marks Hone’s Bike Repairs opened for business on March 1, 2008. The following transactions occurred in March. March 1 Jack Hon.. Invested $5,000 cash in the business and contributed equipment Marc h 5 Completed services for customers who paid cash $400. March 6 Paid $660 for a one-year insurance policy. The policy takes effect April 1 and will expire March 31, 2009. March 8 Completed services for a major customer and invoiced the customer $1 ,OHO. March 1 5 Paid for printing advertising brochures $125. The brochures were distributed the same day. March 20 Received a bill from the utilities company for March utilities in the amount of $70. The amount is due April 4. March 5 Entered into a contract with a new customer who will use Hone’s services for repairs on their entire fleet of rental bikes. The customer paid $800 in advance for repairs to be completed in April. March 31 Jack Hon.. Withdrew $1,200 for personal use. March 31 Received $600 cash from the customer billed on March 8. Instructions: Journalize the above transactions. Explanations are required. Question 2: Solution *copy answer from paper notes* Question 3: 10 marks Pierson Insurance Agency prepares monthly financial statements. Presented below is an income statement for the month of June that is correct on the basis of information insider. PIERSON INSURANCE AGENCY Income Statement Month Ended June 30 Revenues Premium commission revenues Expenses Salary expense $6,000 Advertising expense 800 Rent expense 4,200 Amortization expense $35,000 Total expenses Net income 13,800 $21,200 Additional Data: When the income statement was prepared, the company accountant neglected to take into consideration the following information: 1. How to cite Accounting Midterm, Papers

Change Management in Dynamic Health Care Systems

Question: 1.Discussion of two major factors that drive particular changes in health care and their influence the policy. 2.Identification of specific change management theory that played a significant role during the implementation of mentioned changes. Answer: 1. The healthcare system of United Kingdom has been characterised with a sense of active component of the public sector. The care services of public healthcare are usually complemented with the suitable care services and quality of private sector. Ash Grove Care Home is situated in London and provides appropriate care services to the Dementia, Alzheimers, challenging behaviour, obesity and Parkinsons disease patients. The two key factors affecting the status of healthcare services of UK include the cost of health care and the changing behaviour of patients about the chronic diseases, which is related to health. As a major number of folks of UK suffer from obesity, therefore, it is the primary concern of the policy makers. According to Best et al., (2012), obesity enhances the risk of various chronic conditions, for instances, high cholesterol, hypertension, cancer and cardiovascular diseases. The socioeconomic differences prevail in different cities of UK and throughout the world as it possesses omnipresence existence over the geographical region. Socioeconomic statuses involve some important aspects such as low income, occupation or education that determine the indicators of human health. The socioeconomic status also affects the result by health-related changing behaviour. However, the primary cause of various health problems works with the assistance of several mechanisms that influence health (Cafazzo et al., 2012). The forecasts, costs and prevalence of obesity suggest an extrapolation of existing trends in UK. The department of health of UK government has adopted obesity and health relating policy in this current year in order to reduce the obesity level in UK. From the recent study, it has been reflected that at least 64% adult and 39% children suffer from obesity. According to the implemented policy, the government of UK helps the inhabitants to be active and consume healthy and nutritious food. This policy also suggests that the care homes of UK should support an obese individual to lose weight with proper dieting and exercising process. The government of UK has adopted a positive step to include changes in the recent policies of food taxes, prices, subsidiaries products. Sadiq, Marjanovic Orlowska (2012) have mentioned that the taken policy also provides a thorough knowledge of rules and regulations of nutrition of every consuming food, such as the banning of Trans fat. The government of UK concentrates improvising the policies that are related to socioeconomic inequalities in healthcare settings. The social policy of UK government has resolved issues regarding socioeconomic differences and inequalities in health and social care services. Socioeconomic components determine the fundamental influences on the living standards and chances of an individual's lifestyle. Socioeconomic inequalities in disability and ill health gradually create social gradient involving the higher socioeconomic group with perfect health condition than lower groups. NHS plays a vital role to reduce the socioeconomic inequality in health care services as the higher level of the socioeconomic group mostly enjoys benefits from different interventions. Swanson et al., (2012) has sugveested that a healthcare system restructures and reforms the constant requirements to manage the new acquired competencies and skills for reframing the traditional methods and approaches to the management of health ca re services. 2. Change management theory involves a particular systematic approach for handling constant changes in healthcare services. This theory performs the role of coordinator in between the individual and organisation as the theory suggests the different aspects of change, such as adaptation of changes, controlling and affecting it. As the factors change in the health and social care services of UK, therefore, Kotters Change Management Theory provides huge incidence of numerous preventable medical wrongdoings. John Kotters three stage dynamic model is effective enough to address the unique adoption procedures of the innovations regarding technological developments. As opined by Chambers, Glasgow Stange (2013), Kotters transformational change management theory initially offers a suitable creation of climate for transformation that involves setting a perfect notion of urgency. After enabling and engaging, an organisation with proper communication of the vision there is the last phase sugges ting sustaining and implementing of changes. The care managers are accepted to perform the assigned roles and responsibilities with following this particular change management theory, as it is potential to include both the situational and emotional components (Lorenzi Riley, 2013). Ash Grove Care Home deals with the transformation at more individual and granular level engaging a drastic transition from previous identity to a completely new identity. As there are various changes that determine the implementation of important, health related policies, therefore, Kotters change management theory play a crucial role for deciding the apt implementation of mentioned changes in the health and social care services. Kerzner (2013) has referred that the selection of best theory would help the care workers of Ash Grove Care Home to implement the planned changes in proper and adequate manner. Such implemented changes develop the workplace and ensure the fact that care workers should be involved in their maintenance of creativity and innovations while providing appropriate care services to the patients. Kotters change management theory discusses the approaches of various problem-solving in order to implement the planned transformation in Ash Grove Care home of London. This particular theory provides a perfect level of understanding of the change theory and it is useful for the care workers and registered nurse of care homes and hospitals in UK. This theory also influences the care workers, as they have to play enormous responsibilities in the correct directions for solving problems within the healthcare organisation (Straus et al., 2013). The care workers are clear and transparent about the performance of tasks and are solely committed to providing adequate care services to the care service users. The restraining and driving forces determine the change agents of the healthcare organisations of UK. Kotters change management theory also promotes the behaviour of care workers for adopting the influence of implemented changes in health and social care services. References Best, A., Greenhalgh, T., Lewis, S., Saul, J. E., Carroll, S., Bitz, J. (2012). Largeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ system transformation in health care: a realist review.Milbank Quarterly,90(3), 421-456. Cafazzo, J. A., Casselman, M., Hamming, N., Katzman, D. K., Palmert, M. R. (2012). Design of an mHealth app for the self-management of adolescent type 1 diabetes: a pilot study.Journal of medical Internet research,14(3), e70. Chambers, D. A., Glasgow, R. E., Stange, K. C. (2013). The dynamic sustainability framework: addressing the paradox of sustainment amid ongoing change.Implementation Science,8(1), 1. Kerzner, H. R. (2013).Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Lorenzi, N. M., Riley, R. T. (2013).Organizational aspects of health informatics: managing technological change. Springer Science Business Media. Sadiq, S. W., Marjanovic, O., Orlowska, M. E. (2012). Managing change and time in dynamic workflow processes.International Journal of Cooperative Information Systems,9(01n02), 93-116. Straus, S., Tetroe, J., Graham, I. D. (Eds.). (2013).Knowledge translation in health care: moving from evidence to practice. John Wiley Sons. Swanson, R. C., Cattaneo, A., Bradley, E., Chunharas, S., Atun, R., Abbas, K. M., ... Best, A. (2012). Rethinking health systems strengthening: key systems thinking tools and strategies for transformational change.Health Policy and Planning,27(suppl 4), iv54-iv61.

Prophet Muhammed Essay Example For Students

Prophet Muhammed Essay Muhammad: His Life based on the Earliest SourcesAcclaimed worldwide as the ultimate resource material on the topic, in the English language, Martin Lings Life of Muhammad is unmatched by any other book. It is said to be the most definitive biography. First published in 1983, it is based on Arabic sources of the eighth and ninth centuries. Some important passages of these are translated in Martin Lings work. The volume owes the freshness of its approach to the words of the men and women who heard Muhammad speak and witnessed the events of his life. This not only ensures accuracy but also makes available valuable historical data. Lings writing is characterized by his exceptional gift for the narrative and for detailed description. His work reflects, at once, the simplicity and magnificence of the story of the great mans life. This is easily the best biography of the Prophet in the English language. Dr Victor Danner An enthralling story that combines impeccable scholarship with a rare s ense of the sacred worthy of the subject. The SpectatorMohammed (literally one praised) was born and raised in Mecca in Arabia. There is much source material on the life of the Prophet Mohammed. The book of revelations that he received from the Archangel Gabriel is known as the Quran. The Quran does not contain the life of Mohammed directly, although there are references made to it by the Archangel, and neither are the words of Mohammed in the Quran, although the Archangel does instruct Mohammed on what to say in various situations. The book of sayings of Mohammed as well as his deeds is known as the Hadith. Mohammeds life is a dramatic tale of exile from his home town of Mecca, to the nearby town of Medina, after which his following grew so rapidly that he actually defeated the Meccan armies in numerous battles, later to capture the city of Mecca by force.Excerpt from Muhammad, his life based on the earliest sources Lings work achieves what few others can claim to on the subject. I t is exhaustive and comprehensive without being dry or tedious. It reflects not only the Prophets day-to-day existence but is also a chronicle of the age. It depicts with startling clarity the upheaval and change in attitude that took place with the arrival of Islam. His work acknowledges the esteemed position that women occupy in Islam and chronicles the way in which the religion emancipated women from the bondage of men by giving them equal rights. Women could inherit property, give evidence in courts of law, participate in trade and commerce, and had equal right to education. To understand the work is to know who the Prophet really was. The book embodies events in his life and his personal attributes with refreshing candor. The riveting narrative brings out the true sense of grandeur inherent in the story of the Prophet. A classic written after examining all the Arabic sources on his biography, the work stands solidly against modern historical critical methodology. Viewing the life of the Prophet as phases of a mission, this biography provides a perceptive account of what transpired 1,400 years ago. It synthesizes and analyzes various events from the life of the Prophet showing how different actions of the Prophet achieved the various objectives he set out to accomplish. These objectives include the formulation of the Islamic State, Preservation of the State, Foreign policy, Education of Companions etc. It portrays the historical Muhammad: a passionate, complex being who possessed political and spiritual gifts, and whose vision of monotheism intuitively answered the deepest longings of his people. Lings projected information in such a manner that the reading produces not only an intense feeling of reverence and regard for the Prophet but also generates a desire to emulate him. Ling focuses on a detailed description of the Prophets life. In his work, he embodies the spiritual leader, the warrior, and the man with all the facets of his personalit y. CriticismsWhile most acknowledge the brilliance of the work, some Islamic scholars differ. They feel that the biography draws heavily on sources, which, although ancient, are not fully trustworthy. They quote the example of Al-Waaqidis Maghaazi, from which Lings has translated passages. According to them, it is replete with forged traditions, and has been rejected by eminent specialists of hadith literature. At the beginning of his treatise, Lings chose to quote from texts of the Bibles Book of Genesis regarding the story of Abraham and how he settled his wife and son at Makkah. The Biblical account put Ishmaels age at 13, whereas the traditions of Al-Bukhari indicate that he was a suckling babe at the time of their arrival in Makkah. It could be said, with justification that the age difference is of minor significance. When criticized for quoting from the Bible instead of Islamic sources Lings replied: I myself am more prepared to accept what Divine Revelation tells us than what was handed down in Arabia by word of mouth from generation to generation.The incident of the Prophets entry into Makkah is distorted, according to critics. He was commissioned by Allah to purify the Ka`bah by ridding it of all the idols surrounding it. This was authentically related in the compilation of Al-Bukhari. .ucec7a72b5670fec01697746fcb8571aa , .ucec7a72b5670fec01697746fcb8571aa .postImageUrl , .ucec7a72b5670fec01697746fcb8571aa .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ucec7a72b5670fec01697746fcb8571aa , .ucec7a72b5670fec01697746fcb8571aa:hover , .ucec7a72b5670fec01697746fcb8571aa:visited , .ucec7a72b5670fec01697746fcb8571aa:active { border:0!important; } .ucec7a72b5670fec01697746fcb8571aa .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ucec7a72b5670fec01697746fcb8571aa { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ucec7a72b5670fec01697746fcb8571aa:active , .ucec7a72b5670fec01697746fcb8571aa:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ucec7a72b5670fec01697746fcb8571aa .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ucec7a72b5670fec01697746fcb8571aa .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ucec7a72b5670fec01697746fcb8571aa .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ucec7a72b5670fec01697746fcb8571aa .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ucec7a72b5670fec01697746fcb8571aa:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ucec7a72b5670fec01697746fcb8571aa .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ucec7a72b5670fec01697746fcb8571aa .ucec7a72b5670fec01697746fcb8571aa-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ucec7a72b5670fec01697746fcb8571aa:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Wembley National Stadium Construction EssayLings relation, however, gleaned from the forged narratives (Al-Waaqidi and Al-Azragis work.) contradicts the essential principle of tauheed (unity of Godhead). Lings writes: Apart from the icon of the Virgin Mary and the child Jesus and a painting of an old man said to be Abraham, the walls inside (the Ka`bah) had been covered with pictures of pagan deities. Placing his hand protectively over the icon, the Prophet told `Uthman to see that all other paintings, except that of Abraham, were effaced. However, majority continues to eulogize the work of Martin Lings and holds it in great esteem as a significant resource on Islam an d the life of the Prophet. The book has been read with equal fascination by those already familiar with Muhammads life and those learning about it for the first time. It was selected as the best biography of the Prophet in English, at the National Seerat Conference in Islamabad, Pakistan, in 1983. In 1990, the book attracted the attention of Al-Azhar University, and the author received a decoration from President Mubarak. Lings view of religionThis is consistent with the philosophy to which Lings adheres and propounds in his other writings, namely, The Perennial Philosophy. The principal theme of Perennialism is that all religions are in reality one, and mutually supportive and acceptable; it is merely their outer manifestations that differ. (Lings The Eleventh Hour). He believes in reincarnation (p. 26-29) and the pagan theory of pantheistic monism, i.e., the union of man and God (p. 104, 106). Such tenets are contrary to the teachings of Islam as contained and preserved in the Quran and the authentic Prophetic Sunnah; the sole criteria for a Muslim for distinguishing truth from error and falsehood. Religion is a system of thought, feeling, and action shared by a group that gives members an object of devotion. Lings believes the principles of universal goodwill and doctrine of the equality of humankind, which Muhammad proclaimed, represents one very great contribution to the social uplift of humanity. All great religions have preached the same doctrine but the prophet of Islam had put this theory into actual practice and its value will be fully recognized when international consciousness is awakened, and greater brotherhood of humanity comes into existence.

How to Cook Ramen Noodles Essay Example

How to Cook Ramen Noodles Paper Whether you plan on staying at North Lake or you plan on going away to college we know ALL college students Like wings that are easy, cheap, fast and delicious Ill. If you do like easy, cheap, fast and delicious then you need to listen while I show you how to make a delicious, cheap, easy and fast meal out of Ramee Noodles and bratwurst. V. This speech will show you Just how easy it is to whip up a cheap meal that taste great in under 7 minutes from start to finish. V. Today I will show you how to prepare the noodles and bratwurst, cook them and basically throw them together for a quick meal packed full of protein and carbohydrates, both essential to busy poor college kids. BODY The first step is to gather the materials you need to make the Ramee and ratters dinner. A. There are several supplies that are needed for making this meal. 1 . You will need a package of chicken flavored Ramee Noodles. A. You will also need a pair of scissors to open the packages. 2. You will also need a saucepan, a measuring cup and a timer. . You will need 2 cups of water. 3. You will need one bratwurst. A. You will need a knife to cut the bratwurst. 4 Humanly you need a Doll Ana an appetite. II. The second step is to start cooking your Ramee Noodles and Bratwurst. A. First you will need measure out two cups of water and pour the water into the saucepan. 1. Then you will need to turn the stove to high and wait for the water to boil. B. Second, while waiting for the water to boil, cut the Ramee Noodle package open with the scissors and pull out the seasoning package. . Cut open the seasoning package with the scissors and pour it into your bowl. While waiting for the water to boil, cut your Brat into h inch slices. D. When the water starts to boil pour the Ramee Noodles into the saucepan and add your slices of bratwurst. 1 . Set your timer for three minutes. C. Third, Ill. Lastly, after the timer goes off, turn off the stove and pour your noodles, brats and water into your bowl. A. Stir the noodles, brats and water around so that the seasoning is mixed in really well. B. We will write a custom essay sample on How to Cook Ramen Noodles specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on How to Cook Ramen Noodles specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on How to Cook Ramen Noodles specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Once the noodles and brats cools off (this usually takes a couple of minutes) dive in to youre delicious, cheap, easy and fast meal. CONCLUSION l. So there are three main steps in cooking your cheap, easy, fast and delicious college meal. A. Gather the materials. B. Cook the Ramee Noodles and Bratwurst. C. Throw everything together in a bowl. I hope I have inspired you to add this cheap, fast, easy and delicious meal to your college diet.

Needs Analysis Essay †English For Tourism

Needs Analysis Essay – English For Tourism Free Online Research Papers Needs Analysis Essay- English For Tourism Needs analysis is the most important part of an ESP course. In fact, one of the main absolute characteristics of ESP, with which some of the most important authors such as Strevens or Dudley-Evans agree, is that ESP is designed to meet specific needs of the learner. In this paper I aim to stress the importance that a concept such as needs analysis has in a class of English for tourism. However, Esp teachers do not always pay the deserved attention to this feature. Many students usually expect a needs analysis in a class of ESP such as English for tourism. However, not many teachers feel that such a test is necessary for the course that is going to be taught. Teachers very often rely on already prepared materials to teach the course so they leave aside the students needs and the fact that, maybe, those students have some specific wants. If teachers conduct their courses with textbooks, which do not always have the specific contents to achieve the desired goals, the course will end up being a general English class. Therefore, in a class of English for tourism, a teacher should be able to analyse the target needs and the learning needs, which is something that is very important for the design and development of the course. Depending on the job a student wants to do, the teacher should analyse the target needs because tourism involves a very wide range of jobs such as hotel management or touristic guide. In this case, the student would need certain skills to express his or her knowledge in the target language. From here onwards, the teacher should design an appropriate syllabus taking into account those needs in order to include the activities for the learners to achieve those skills. However, one of the reasons why teachers do not normally use the needs analysis is that they very rarely have the appropriate knowledge in order to fill in those needs. Due to this, teachers use textbooks which are oriented to the subject of English for tourism, but only in the sense of vocabulary. It is also true that the role of the teacher has some requirements, that is, among others, he or she needs to have a basic knowledge of the main principles of the subject on which the ESP course focuses. In order to pay the right attention to needs analysis the teacher has to be able to solve those needs. As a conclusion, it is very important that an ESP teacher gives the deserved attention to the needs analysis. In order to achieve this, a teacher should use, not only textbooks, but also realia to teach the course. The teacher should also separate those needs into target needs and learning needs depending on the aims of the course and also, the teacher should have some basic notions of the basis subject. Teachers should really bear all this in mind so that an ESP course is successful for them and for all the students. Research Papers on Needs Analysis Essay - English For TourismStandardized TestingIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalPETSTEL analysis of IndiaTrailblazing by Eric AndersonAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaQuebec and CanadaBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfThree Concepts of PsychodynamicOpen Architechture a white paperAnalysis Of A Cosmetics Advertisement

Ecotourism industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Ecotourism industry - Essay Example Venice, Florida, is the place of implementing the action (Alexander 2013). Generally, nature walk opens up the area for positive interactions and dealings with the neighbourhoods. Inhabitants will particularly find prime chance to watch amazing beaches, fruit farms, waterfalls, rivers, and the vegetation cover. Nature Walk will further embrace tourists emanating from different parts of Florida and beyond its borders. Besides, the activity would help visitors discover and learn the cultural values and practices of the locals from different outlooks (Alexander 2013). Significance of Nature Walk to ecotourism and humanity is the critical aspect the project seeks to accentuate. According to the proposal, hospitality and tourism units of Venice city will play pivotal role in arranging and managing series of nature walks for different categories of people. First, the unit will accord residents and their families the opportunity to watch and feel the splendour of nature of Venice together w ith its neighbourhoods (Alexander 2013). All the revenues collected from the tourists and inhabitants shall assist in maintenance and repair of various ecotourism facilities as well as construction of advanced hanging bridges, pathways, eatery and boats. The array of activities that characterize nature walk will provide significant back up to environmental conservation and management policy (Alexander 2013). 2.0 Overview of Environmental Impacts Nature Walk and related activities have momentous impact on the environment and nature conservation approach. The negative impacts of nature walk include the following: i. Might result to destruction of wildlife habitation Such activity might contribute to widespread destruction of animals’ habitats. It is imperative to clear a part of the vegetation to pave way for establishment of pathways for tourists and residents. Since the activity contributes to destruction of certain habitats belonging to certain animals, birds, microorganisms in the soil among others, it is important that size and frequency of the pathways be regulated. Adults and even children taking part in the nature walk might accidentally cause fires in forests. Sometimes, they spill chemical substance in water hence putting at risk the lives of certain animals and aquatic life (Davis & Davis 2011). ii. Killing of wild animals Individuals who take participate in this activity might resort to killing or inflicting serious injuries on wild animals they come across for fear of their own security. Although the measure seeks to give assurance to participants of their safety and security, it is a threat to wildlife just like unauthorized hunting and poaching (Davis & Davis 2011). Rampant killing of certain rare species of animals might render such species becoming extinct. iii. A hindrance to wildlife movements Nature Walk will compromise unrestricted movements within the ecosystem. In the process, some animal species will migrate from the forest or wate r body as they scamper for safety. Killing of wild animals will further scare away such animals, which would then mean they are confined to their habitats for much longer period (Davis & Davis 2011). The higher the population of participants during the nature walk the more the animals get restricted to their habitats. iv. May lead to pollution of air, water and soil Careless fires, decomposing food items and chemical substances are a threat to the surrounding. 3.0 Environmental Benefits of Project Apart from the negative effects, nature walk result to a number of benefits to the environment. These include: Nature walk as an ecotourism activity will the locals realize the significance of conserving nature. The

The current situations that's facing Russia Research Paper

The current situations that's facing Russia - Research Paper Example As the nature of topic involves the description of current scenario of the Russian federation, so the overview will be provided discussing all the social, political and environmental factors. The Russian Federation is divided into 46 provinces, 4 autonomous okrugs, 21 republics, 9 krays, 2 federal cities, and 1 autonomous oblast. Since 7th May 2012, President Vladimir Vladimirovich PUTIN serves as the head of the state, while the government is administered by Dmitriy Anatolyevich Medvedev. The recent political developments in the country include its relations with the United States. The U.S. Congress has already ascertained to ordain new penalties to be imposed on Russian businesses and officials as a quid-pro-quo for annulling a Cold War-era prohibition on conventional trading associations with Moscow. Few of the people in the Obama administration have proposed the discouraging alternative of developing a â€Å"democracy fund† to channelize U.S. money to the pressure groups that pose a threat to the Russian administration. Russia has been labeled by Mitt Romney as a geopolitical foe, so he has offered to disassemble the reset upon being elected. It raises a concern that regardless who wins in the U.S elections, the Russian-U.S. relations are leading towards a more challenging posture (Rojansky & Gvosdev). Mrs. Clinton while attending the yearly Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation summit meeting in Vladivostokhere, on behalf of President Obama welcomed Russian access to the World Trade Organization in August. Moreover it was recommended that the American government should now normalize its trade relations so that the U.S owned businesses can harvest the benefits received from the Russia’s membership that include lower tariffs for United States products. The attempt to concede Russia conventional trade status, still, has turned embroiled in legislation that would penalize Russian officials charged of perverting human rights, refusing them visas and suspending their assets. That has aroused doubts that any arrangement on annulling the Jackson-Vanik provisions can be accomplished before the United States presidential elections (Myers, and Herszenhorn). Russia has recently demanded the U.S to cease its support to groups favoring the institution of democracy within the country (Hersze nhorn and Barry). Russia has experienced significant alters since the break down of the Soviet Union, proceeding from a centrally planned, globally-isolated economy to a more global and market-based economy. Russian industry is principally fragmented between worldwide competitive commodity producers. In 2011, it became leading oil producer of the world, passing by Saudi Arabia. It is the world second largest natural gas producer and bears the world's largest reserves of natural gas, the second-largest of coal, and the eighth-largest reserves of crude oil. It is the 3rd largest exporter of primary aluminum and steel. The Russian economy is also facing various challenges. As reported by the World Bank, Russia is reverberating from the worldwide recession more tardily than other developing nations in spite of high oil prices. Various factors that are contributing to the weakening of the Russian

Health Gaps in the Indigenous Culture

Health Gaps in the Indigenous Culture Introduction This assignment will be focusing on indigenous culture and their health. A national strategy ‘Closing the Gap’ will be initially summarised to explore the current gaps and the plans that have been taken by the Australian state and federal governments. The health issues of indigenous Australians will be reviewed in comparison with the non-indigenous population, which will include a discussion about how the European settlers are considered to have contributed to the current health and psychosocial concerns of indigenous people. Additionally, the health of indigenous Australians will be compared with other indigenous groups in the world. Finally, health promotion strategies initiated by the governments to improve indigenous health outcomes will be identified and additional interventions will be proposed. Closing the Gap Campaign Although Australia is considered one of the richest countries in the world, indigenous Australians continue to suffer systematic inequalities and can expect to live 10-17 years less than non-indigenous Australians (Australian Human Rights Commission, 2014). In 2008, a formal apology was made to indigenous Australians and the Government acknowledged, recognised and apologised for their past wrongdoings and committed to taking further steps for indigenous health equality (Australian Government, 2009). This is known as the Closing the Gap Campaign. The goal of the Closing the Gap Campaign is to close the health and life expectancy gap between Indigenous and non-indigenous Australians within a generation. The Australian Governments committed to working towards reaching six targets to reduce the visible gaps in life expectancy, infant and child mortality, childhood education, literacy and numeracy skills, school completion rates and employment rate (Commonwealth of Australia, 2010). The G overnments have implemented strategies to the recognised areas, or the Building Blocks: early childhood, schooling, health, healthy homes, safe communities, economic participation, governance and leadership. Also, a report is being published annually on the progress that Australia has made towards this national objective. Morbidity and Mortality In 2006-2010, the mortality rate for indigenous Australians was 1.9 times greater than for non-indigenous people across all age groups. Approximately 50% of indigenous people reported having a disability or long-term health condition and hospitalisation rate for indigenous people were 40% higher than other Australians (Commonwealth of Australia, 2011) Babies born to indigenous families were twice as likely to be of low birth weight compared to non-indigenous babies, in 2005-2007. The death rate of indigenous infants and children is double the rate of non-indigenous infants. Maternal mortality rates for indigenous women were 2-5 times greater than for the non-indigenous women (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, n.d). In 2008, 32% of young adult indigenous people (aged 16-24 years) reported having high levels of psychological distress, which was 2.5 times the rate for non-indigenous people (Commonwealth of Australia, 2011). Moreover, indigenous young adults died at a rate 2.5 times as high as that of the non-indigenous population. For adults aged 35-45, the death rate was 6-8 times higher than the national average (Australian Indigenous HealthInfornet, 2013a). It was estimated that 12.4% of indigenous people aged over 45 years have dementia, compared to 2.6% of non-indigenous people in that age group (National Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisation, 2012). Around 44% of older indigenous adults reported their health as poor and the mortality rate in aged indigenous population is doubled the non-indigenous rate. Health Issues For many thousands of years before European settlement in1788, indigenous people enjoyed good health and harmonious existence, relying on a hunter and gatherer life. Connection to the land is fundamental to indigenous wellbeing and the core of all spirituality (Aboriginal Heritage Office, n.d.). Both men and women participated in hunting and they sourced food from the water, hinterlands of the area and the surrounding bush. Since European settlement, indigenous cultural heritage has been broken and indigenous people have experienced disadvantage in aspects of living standards, life expectancy, education, health and employment (Australian Government, 2009). Outcomes for education, employment, income and housing are much poorer than that of non-indigenous people (Australian Indigenous HealthInfornet, 2013a). During the 2004-2005 National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Survey (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2006), around 12% of indigenous people reported having long term cardiovascular diseases and this rate was 1.3 times higher than non-indigenous. Many indigenous people experience significantly higher rates of cancer, diabetes, psychological distress, renal disease and respiratory disease than the national average. Influence of Non-indigenous population European settlement has had a devastating impact on indigenous health and psychosocial wellbeing, which can be traced back to the beginning of colonisation. In the time following settlement in 1788, 10 million people have arrived in Australia and made it their home (National Museum Australia, n.d.). In this time, many of the natural resources were affected: fish supplies were depleted, native animal population were reduced and feral animals introduced, land was cleared and waterways were polluted. It is believed that many infectious diseases, such as measles, smallpox, influenza and tuberculosis, were introduced by the new settlers (The Fred Hollows Foundation, n.d.). These diseases caused major loss of life among indigenous populations and resulted in depopulation and social disruption. Direct conflicts and occupation of indigenous homelands meant that indigenous people lost control over many aspects of their lives. This loss of autonomy affected the capability of indigenous people to adapt to changes, which would eventually have consequence in poorer health status (Australian Indigenous HealthInfornet, 2013b). From the time European settlers first arrived in Australia, they had attempted to ‘civilise’ the ‘black races’. The Native Institution was designed to educate indigenous children in the European way; the policy of ‘protection’ led to indigenous people being placed on government reserves or in church missions; the policy of assimilation forced indigenous people to live in the same way and hold the same belief and values as the white Australians; many children were forcefully taken away from their families and placed in institutions or white families (Australian Museum, 2009). The children were brought up in Christian way, taught in English and raised to think and act as ‘white’. ‘Civilisation’ led to a loss of identity and resulted in cultural and traditional practices being destroyed, families bonds being disconnected, and the whole communities being dispossessed. Dispossession of traditional lands caused loss, emotional distress, trauma and separation and meant that indigenous people were not able to hunt anymore. (Rowena Ivers, 2011). Indigenous people faced discrimination in education and employment (Northern Territory Department of Health, 2007). People became more dependent on welfare and allowances and rations were paid for laboured work. This led to a change of eating habits. Traditional food were less encouraged and rations and communal feeding were broadly available and convenient (Northern Territory Department of Health, 2007). Under the influence of rations and communal feeding, a transition of meal patterns from traditional diet to ‘westernised’ food has happened. Contemporary indigenous people may not want to resume the traditional hunter lifestyle or they may have lost the skills to hunt. The community store became their only food source. The community store usually stocked a very limited selection of food and popular foods are tinned meat and fruits, biscuits, tea, flour, sugar and tobacco. Fresh fruits and vegetables are less available in stores. Indigenous people began smoking when they were paid in tobacco rather than cash. The use of tobacco, alcohol and illicit drugs increases the risk of chronic disease, cancer, as well as other health concerns, such as mental disorders, accidents and injury (Australian Indigenous HealthInfornet, 2013a). Decreased levels of physical activity, less consumption of traditional diet and overeating of high energy foods are risk factors for non-communicable disorders, such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes and respiratory diseases. Australian Indigenous vs. Worldwide Indigenous Indigenous people are the traditional custodians of the land they have inhabited for thousands of years. There are approximately 370 million indigenous people worldwide, living in more than 70 countries (World Health Organisation, 2007). Despite the great diversity of indigenous peoples, many similarities exist between Australian indigenous and other indigenous groups. Traditional indigenous people rely on their land for survival and traditional life is linked to the land. Common to many indigenous groups, colonisation negatively affected their physical, emotional, social and mental health wellbeing. Colonisation led to racial prejudice and dispossession of traditional lands which often cause poverty, under education, unemployment and increased dependency on social welfare. The changes of lifestyle caused severe inequalities in indigenous heath status, including emotional and social wellbeing (World Health Organisation, 2007). Overall, they experience poorer health compared with non-indigenous groups. Their health is associated with a range of environmental and socio-economic factors: poverty, malnutrition, overcrowding, poor hygiene, environmental contamination, and infections (United Nations, 2009). Indigenous people had little natural immunity to microorganisms that were introduced to the land. The devastating infections depopulated indigenous groups. Child health is influenced by inadequate nutrition, exposure to infectious diseases and poor living conditions. Childhood health complications are common in Australian indigenous groups as other indigenous groups elsewhere: low birth weight, skin infections, ear disease, dental caries, trachoma, parasite infection and respiratory infections. Although some diseases are prevalent in specific areas, the causes are similar: poor hygiene, malnutrition or water contamination. Many indigenous groups both in Australia and elsewhere do not have access to their traditional food and are highly dependent on commercially prepared food. Indigenous adolescents in Australia and other countries experience similar health related problems, such as tobacco and drug use, violence, mental and emotional disorders (Northern Territory Department of Health, 2007). Urbanisation causes rapid changes to indigenous lifestyle, foods high in calories, fat and salt and low in fibre. People live in an overcrowded and unhygienic environments and having less physical activity. The worsening of lifestyles has resulted in chronic diseases, such as obesity, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and chronic renal disease. Australian indigenous people in 2001-2004 had the lowest life expectancy for both male and female, compared to indigenous groups from New Zealand, Canada and USA. They also had the highest infant mortality rate and lowest birth weight. When comparing the age standardised mortality rate in 2003, Australian indigenous groups have the highest mortality rate for cancer, cerebrovascular disease, intentional harm, diabetes and HIV. Health promotion strategies The Australian Governments have implemented a range of initiatives across the states during 2009 and up to 2014 By recognising the areas that needs to be improved that include improvements to early childhood, schooling, health, healthy homes, safe communities, economic participation, governance and leadership. Delivery of health promotion programs is guided by principles that ensure all programs meet the targets of the Closing the Gap while being appropriate to the communities’ needs. All programs have to engage the local indigenous people and should be time sufficient and accessible to all indigenous residents (Council of Australian Governments, 2009). All initiatives are related to the Building Blocks and best practice has been sought. For example, according to the latest Closing the Gap Prime Minister’s Report 2013, health attention has been focused on implementing health promotions in the following areas that considered could facilitate achieving the goal of closing the gap in life expectancy and child mortality between indigenous and non-indigenous Australians. Areas such as chronic disease, primary health care, health service, food security, oral health, ear and eye health, acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease, substance misuse, Foetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders, indigenous sexual health, mental health, aged care, sport and recreation, culture, remote airstrips and road safety (Department of Families, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, 2013). Comprehensive strategies have been undertaken to encourage people in communities undergo health checks, provide training of healthcare workers, deliver education on lifestyle change and self-management, provide affordable medicines and fund advertisements to increase awareness. According to the Closing the Gap Clearinghouse annual report 2011-12 and 2012-13, some of the strategies work but may only have a short term effect (Closing the Gap Clearinghouse, 2013). However, some interventions trialled in indigenous community were unsuccessful because they were originally designed for non-indigenous populations and were considered culturally inappropriate. Education programs could have a limited impact on indigenous groups and may need to be employed in conjunction with other interventions. Barriers to the effective provision of program may arise due to short term and one-off funding, and the provision of the program may be discontinued due to indigenous groups’ capacity to provide the service. Often the data is incomplete and cannot be assessed for effectiveness. Proposal of additional interventions The traditional indigenous people conceptualise their health as holistic. It encompasses everything: land, environment, family, relationship, community, law and the physical body. Health for indigenous people is the social, emotional and cultural wellbeing of the whole community and the identity of being indigenous (Australian Indigenous HealthInfornet, 2013b). The author’s proposal of interventions to improve indigenous health outcomes is to return to indigenous people the keys elements that have been taken from them: equality with other Australians, their identity, freedom, culture, self-determination and their traditional lands. They had good knowledge of their land, sources of water and food, the effects of seasonal cycles on plant foods and animals. Both men and women hunted food, which kept them physically active and emotionally well. The traditional diet had variety and was rich in nutrition: vegetable food provided vitamins and minerals and essential supplements for the body needs; meats were high in quantity and quality (Northern Territory Department of Health, 2007). Health and sickness were shaped by culture beliefs and traditions. Indigenous people believe that the protection of spirituality is fundamental to their health (1). Family relationship is at the core of indigenous kinship systems which is essential to their culture. Kinship helps to define roles and responsibilities for raising and educating children and provides the structure systems of moral and financial support. In indigenous society, family ties are healer to emotional and physical wellbeing. Indigenous people had a healthier lifestyle, had pride in their identity and their culture heritage was passed through generations. Their traditional cultures helped them to survive for thousands of years. The crisis indigenous people face today is the consequence of continuous years of inequality, disadvantage, discrimination and disenfranchisement. To close the gap between indigenous and non-Indigenous health, health providers need to consider the determinants of health, including socio-economic and political issues and their impact on indigenous people. It may remind non indigenous Australians to apply some self-criticism: to remember that they equal to us and all can enjoy the right to be free and exercise self-determination. Conclusion: 1 Jing Ping PIN10344490